The Press
The press is a collective term used to refer to the Newspaper industry. The term links to the printing presses used to make newspapers. Newspapers are still a popular form of media that people still use to be informed, entertainment and get their news. Examples of newspapers are The Times and The Daily Mirror. There are a variety of national regional and specialist newspapers as well such as The Daily Mail or The Racing Post. Since the 1950s, there has been a decline in the sale of newspapers due to new technology and getting news through the form of social media and websites.
•What is the ‘Press’? Give examples. What is the purpose of the Press? The press is a term used to refer to the newspaper industry. The purpose of the press is to tell you about the news, as well as entertaining you and keeping you informed. •What has happened to newspaper sales and why? The sale of newspapers has been declining since the 1950s after the development of the internet as well as television. People can get their news, be entertained and stay informed through the television and also do the same things on the internet, getting their news through social media and websites. This is why newspaper sales have declined. |
The Free Press
Free Press is when journalists or newspaper editors can edit the content of the newspapers free of government intervention. More than a 3rd of the world's population live in countries where there is no free press. Journalists in said countries are imprisoned or even killed if they disagree with the government. The countries government (often non-democratic) controls the press to spread propaganda maintain an existing political power base.
•What is a free press and why is it important?
Free press is when journalists and newspaper edits are allowed to freely edit the content of the newspaper without the government trying to censor it. it is important because it gives people a voice and allows more freedom in a society. It also allows the people to have power as well as the government. It allows people to check on the government and see if what they're doing is right or is suppressing their freedom.
•Why do some countries not want a free press?
Some countries have totalitarian governments that suppress the freedom of the people. They do not want to give power to the people and they want to be the people to have a say in what is right and wrong with the country.
•What is a free press and why is it important?
Free press is when journalists and newspaper edits are allowed to freely edit the content of the newspaper without the government trying to censor it. it is important because it gives people a voice and allows more freedom in a society. It also allows the people to have power as well as the government. It allows people to check on the government and see if what they're doing is right or is suppressing their freedom.
•Why do some countries not want a free press?
Some countries have totalitarian governments that suppress the freedom of the people. They do not want to give power to the people and they want to be the people to have a say in what is right and wrong with the country.
Press Intrusion
Press intrusion is when the press pry to close to people's live to gather stories. Press intrusion can be things like paparazzi
•Why was Leveson Inquiry such a big change for press regulation in the UK?
•Why was Leveson Inquiry such a big change for press regulation in the UK?
The British political spectrum
Political Leanings of the press
•What are the political leanings of the Daily Mirror and The Times.
The daily mirror is left while the times are right
•How does the politics of newspapers impact on content and audience?
It can impact the way the reader thinks and can influence where they stand in the government
The daily mirror is left while the times are right
•How does the politics of newspapers impact on content and audience?
It can impact the way the reader thinks and can influence where they stand in the government
Tabloid vs Broadsheet
There are two classifications of newspapers, tabloids and broadsheets:
- Tabloids are easier to read and contain more photographs than paragraphs. They tend to feature more celebrity gossip, celeb scandals, entertainment and sport related news. They are the better sellers.
- Broadsheets are the more traditional newspapers that you see, the folded in have fragile stack together newspapers. They report on more serious things and tend to have less photographs and longer paragraphs with smaller fonts. They have a lower circulation than tabloids.
The Guardian VS The Daily Mail
The Daily Mail Article
The overall layout doesn't have an actual title, instead it has a quote from prince Andrew. It also doesn't contain a main image, though article does contain a lot of images and videos. Their main audience would be upper-middle class as they are more conservative and actually support the conservative party. The article uses fairly formal language when delivering the news which is easy to read. The article definitely shines a bad light on Prince Andrew however still tries to justify his actions through including "alibi's" and "evidence" that has already been debunked. This may be because they are a more conservative newspaper.
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The Guardian Article
The layout includes a title as a quote from Prince Andrew. It also contains a main image, though article does not have as many images and videos as The Daily Mail article. Their main audience would the working class as they support the labor party. The article uses fairly formal language when delivering the news which is easy to read. The article is definitely more negative than the Daily Mail one. This article is quick to prove the evidence that Prince Andrew provides and puts him in a bad light. This could be from the fact that the guardian supports the labor party more.
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The Times and The Daily Mirror
The Times Broadsheet
The Daily Mirror Tabloid
Differences |
Similarities |
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The Times
The times has more adults from the upper class and wealthy people reading. More adults over 35 read the newspaper than people who are 15-34 years old.
Best country house hotel - The article inside the newspaper tries to position towards the aspirational or elitist reading of the newspaper. This makes people who are in the working class pretend that they're not. Mp calls for inquest - This links to the conservative political ideology and uses bias and scandal to push their agenda. Royal Family - Positioned as the reserve of elitist a/b social class links to audience and aspiration. |
Caitlin/Kay kicker - It supports the idea that woman are very mindful about looking good. However Kay Burley depicts a strong woman who is helping others to stay fit with workout plans and diets.
Corbyn Jew story - the times included it in the political section because it made the labor party look bad and racist UKIP black death - |
The Daily Mirror
Back from the red - more positive because it links to the political bias (pro-labour)
Meghan Markle kicker - Large image, pro monarchy. Links to aspiration and traditional female stereotypes.
Corrie Kevs - links to target audience, the particular class of a person. Made strand first to appeal to target audience and attract people who aren't interested in politics
Meghan Markle kicker - Large image, pro monarchy. Links to aspiration and traditional female stereotypes.
Corrie Kevs - links to target audience, the particular class of a person. Made strand first to appeal to target audience and attract people who aren't interested in politics
Targeting Audience
- Language: The Times' audience is more older and traditional, so the newspaper targets their values and beliefs to their specific audience
- Mode of Address: The times has a more formal style and uses advanced language in order to reflect the needs of the audience
- Construction: The Times uses less sell lines, cover lines etc than The Daily Mirror. This is because they are a more traditional newspaper, so they focus on more political issues rather than celebrity gossip
- Technical codes: Although The Times does use they don't use as much color as they use in The Daily Mirror. Because The Times is traditional and conservative, they reinforce that fact by making their font styles and sizes more traditional and formal
Audience Pleasures
The Times:
The Daily Mirror:
- Surveillance: You can find out about news, any opinions and catch up with the latest gossip and scandal
- Entertainment: You can be entertained through the means of enjoying the cartoons featured or enjoying other people's opinions
- Personal Identity: The newspaper reinforces your own personal beliefs and values. The reader may not necessarily agree with a viewpoint from the paper, they may still agree with their values.
- Social interaction and integration: People can use the newspaper as the focus of their conversations, it makes them feel part of a traditional culture
- Becoming an active participant: Newspapers encourage audience input through comments or emails
The Daily Mirror:
- Surveillance: You can find out about news, any opinions and catch up with the latest gossip and scandal
- Entertainment: You can be entertained through the means of enjoying the cartoons featured or enjoying other people's opinions
- Personal Identity: The newspaper reinforces your own personal beliefs and values. The reader may not necessarily agree with a viewpoint from the paper, they may still agree with their values.
- Social interaction and integration: People can use the newspaper as the focus of their conversations, it makes them feel part of a common culture
- Becoming an active participant: Newspapers encourage audience input through comments or emails
"Active" or "Passive" audience (Targeting Audience)
The Hypodermic needle theory:
The Hypodermic needle theory suggests that the media injects ideas and views into people's heads like a needle, controlling the way they behave. The audience then "passively" receives the information without any attempt to challenge it. This was particularly popular in World War 2 during the 1940s. |
Exam Revision
Analyse the front page of the times newspaper to show how the design and layout communicate meaning
- The kicker contains ads that appeal to the upper mid class. The ad's title says " 40 best country house hotels", this appeals to the upper mid class because the working class would probably not be able to afford country house hotels
- The coat of arms suggests that the newspaper is traditional and established. This also connotes that the newspaper may be a traditional conservative newspaper.
- The copy-to-image ratio is high because there is more writing than images. This suggests that the newspaper is for more educated people (upper mid class). The images also feature well known people dressed in fancy attire also suggesting that this newspaper is for the upper mid classes.
- The style of font is quite formal as well as the language used on the newspaper. This suggests that more upper class people read it as they tend to be more educated than the working class.
6 mark question
The Daily Mirror (close study project) uses representations to appeal to its target audience of working-class people. How is the representation of Michael Le Vall constructed to appeal to its target audience?
The Daily Mirror is known to backup the labor party more than the conservative party, meaning that their target audience is more working class as they support the labor party. While The Times focuses on more political issues in order to appeal to the upper class, The Daily Mirror focuses on celebrity gossip and/or celebrity scandals to appeal to the working class. This is because the working class look forward to being entertained by a magazine as a distraction from the real world (Uses & Gratifications) rather than reading about complicated political issues. So, by putting the main image of celebrity who stars in a popular TV show with a mass audience on the front page with the headline "Corrie Kev's held by cops over bust-up" this connotes that the celebrity might be involved in a scandal involving the police, which will appeal to their target audience.
The Daily Mirror is known to backup the labor party more than the conservative party, meaning that their target audience is more working class as they support the labor party. While The Times focuses on more political issues in order to appeal to the upper class, The Daily Mirror focuses on celebrity gossip and/or celebrity scandals to appeal to the working class. This is because the working class look forward to being entertained by a magazine as a distraction from the real world (Uses & Gratifications) rather than reading about complicated political issues. So, by putting the main image of celebrity who stars in a popular TV show with a mass audience on the front page with the headline "Corrie Kev's held by cops over bust-up" this connotes that the celebrity might be involved in a scandal involving the police, which will appeal to their target audience.
8 mark question
Analyse the front cover of The Daily Mirror (Close Study Project) to show how the design and layout communicate meaning
- The strand first used is of a celebrity scandal. This suggests that the audience are not concerned about the political content of the newspaper. This connotes that the audience is of the working class as they don't tend to care too much about political problems because they read the newspaper to be distracted from the real world (Uses & Gratifications).
- The use of the color red throughout the front cover suggests that the news paper backs up the labor party as their signature color is red. This also tells us that the target audience is the working class as they support the labor party, unlike The Times newspaper which sticks to the traditional old style of colors.
- The website link next to the masthead tells us that the newspaper is more modern than the old traditional conservative style of The Times Newspaper. This connotes that the majority of The Times newspaper's audience is old and the majority of The Daily Mirror's newspaper is younger.
- The copy-to-image ratio is low as there is more pictures than text unlike The Times which has a high copy-to-image ratio. This suggests that The Daily Mirror is for people who are uneducated (working class) as it doesn't offer any in depth insight into the content of the newspaper.
20 mark question
'Newspapers target a narrow and specific audience group.'How far do you agree with this view? In your answer you must consider The Times and The Daily Mirror.
Plan:
I agree with this view. The Daily Mirror supports the labor party while The Times supports the Conservative party. This tells us that the socio economic demographics of Daily Mirror readers are more working class or skilled working class while readers of The Times are more upper middle class. We know this because The Daily Mirror primarily focuses on articles that relate to celebrities and celebrity gossip while The Times focuses on political issues and stories. The reason why the working class reads The Daily Mirror is because they look at it as a distraction from the real world (Uses & Gratifications) and wont bother reading about boring politics. The language of The Times newspaper is also clearly meant for the upper middle class who are more educated because of the complicated political terms and is generally harder to read for people who are not very educated. However, The Daily Mirror is easier to read and contains slang, though new English speakers may not recognize the slang. Also The Times Newspaper contains a kicker of an ad about "The 40 best country house hotels" which is targeted towards the upper middle class as they tend to be more wealthy than the working class while the working class could probably not afford such things.
Plan:
- agree
- Daily Mirror towards left. times towards right very different ideologies. Times upper middle class and Mirror working class (socio economic demographics)
- Daily mirror contains articles and stories about celebrities and celebrity gossip relates to uses & gratifications
- The Times focuses on political things
- Language on mirror contains slang and is more simple and easier to read meant for working class
- Times contains language that uses political terms and is more complicated to read meant for upper class
- Times ad for upper class rich people
I agree with this view. The Daily Mirror supports the labor party while The Times supports the Conservative party. This tells us that the socio economic demographics of Daily Mirror readers are more working class or skilled working class while readers of The Times are more upper middle class. We know this because The Daily Mirror primarily focuses on articles that relate to celebrities and celebrity gossip while The Times focuses on political issues and stories. The reason why the working class reads The Daily Mirror is because they look at it as a distraction from the real world (Uses & Gratifications) and wont bother reading about boring politics. The language of The Times newspaper is also clearly meant for the upper middle class who are more educated because of the complicated political terms and is generally harder to read for people who are not very educated. However, The Daily Mirror is easier to read and contains slang, though new English speakers may not recognize the slang. Also The Times Newspaper contains a kicker of an ad about "The 40 best country house hotels" which is targeted towards the upper middle class as they tend to be more wealthy than the working class while the working class could probably not afford such things.